The Hidden Contaminant in NYC’s Drinking Water: Spotlight on Barium
- Published:
- Updated: December 26, 2024
Summary
Despite NYC’s reputation for quality tap water, barium contamination presents hidden risks. Key points include:
- Barium, a naturally occurring metal, can enter water from industrial activities and geological sources.
- Short-term exposure can cause gastrointestinal issues, while long-term exposure may lead to chronic health conditions.
- Regulations set by the EPA aim to limit barium levels, but research suggests even lower levels may be harmful.
New York City was once famous for its quality water, which came from a series of uncontaminated reservoirs and lakes. New Yorkers think it is even the best tap water in the country. Yet you have a little secret in your glass, which you probably don’t even realise is there: Barium. It’s a hidden contaminant that is dangerous to all residents.
The Fundamentals of Water Quality
From digestion to skin, water quality is a pillar of public health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates levels of more than 90 contaminants in tap water, but that doesn’t mean your tap water isn’t full of hidden hazards.
Knowing water quality is not just about whether it has a clean appearance or does not have any visible dirt or sediment in it. It has to be thoroughly tested, for everything from bacteria to heavy metals. Even water that seems clear can have substances that are not directly harmful but can be harmful when exposed for extended periods of time.
What is Barium?
Barium is a creamy silvery-white metal that naturally exists in the Earth’s crust. It’s employed in industries from drilling fluids for oil and gas drilling, to making different types of rubber.
You don’t want barium compounds in your water – they are used in many industries. High doses of barium can cause all sorts of negative health effects, some of which are still being explored. This is why we need to know how this substance enters our water supply.
How Does Barium End Up in NYC's Water?
Companies outside New York City are the culprits of barium contamination. Mining, or even gas and oil extraction, could raise barium in the local water.
Even the geology of the region is a factor. There are some rocks that naturally contain barium, and when the rocks are touched by water, the element can be released into the water. This problem can get worse with ageing infrastructure when corrosion makes metals such as barium corrode more easily.
Health Implications of Barium Exposure
When barium is added to drinking water, short-term gastrointestinal distress, muscle weakness and even severe hypertension can follow. Although EPA has upper limits on allowed levels, scientists have been investigating lower limits, suggesting they are health-harmful even below that level.
Long-term exposure poses additional concerns. It has been associated with kidney failure and other long-term conditions. This makes it particularly worrying for people with lower immunity, like the elderly, newborns and people with certain health conditions who could be especially prone to negative consequences of barium exposure.
Scientific Studies Backing the Health Risks
A handful of scientific articles have explored the health hazards of barium. In one study, for instance, published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, barium consumption was associated with high blood pressure.
And this is supported by new research that increasingly suggests that even trace amounts of barium are harmful. This underscores the need for stricter control of barium in drinking water, especially in crowded cities such as New York City.
Current Regulations on Barium Levels
The EPA limits drinking water to 2 milligrams of barium per liter. But sometimes there are stricter rules on a state level, which in New York doesn’t currently exist.
These regulations were meant to protect the public from toxicants but, as recent studies show, even much lower levels can be toxic. It’s this regulatory backlog that binds consumers to take care of their water.
Barium Levels in NYC: The Current Status
Recent testing data reveals that barium levels in New York City’s water supply are within the federally mandated guidelines. However, there is some variation when we look at the data borough by borough.
- Manhattan: 1.2 mg/L
- Brooklyn: 1.4 mg/L
- Queens: 1.3 mg/L
- The Bronx: 1.1 mg/L
While these numbers may be within legal limits, they don’t necessarily indicate safety, especially given the growing body of research that suggests even low levels of barium can have long-term health impacts.
Taking Action: What Can You Do?
Concerned about barium levels in your water? Testing your water at home is a good starting point. There are several kits available that can give you a comprehensive idea of what’s in your water.
For filtering out barium, options include:
- Carbon filters: Good for removing some contaminants but generally not effective for barium.
- Reverse osmosis systems: Highly effective but can be costly.
- Distillation units: Effective but energy-intensive.
Beyond personal measures, collective action is key. Participate in local community meetings, write to your local representatives, and get involved in public awareness campaigns to push for stricter regulations.
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