The Impact of Climate Change on Mercury Testing in Drinking Water

A technical paper by Olympian Water Testing specialists

The role of mercury in the environment and its potential impacts on human health

Mercury is a naturally occurring element that can be found in the environment in a variety of forms, including elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds [1]. It is a highly toxic substance that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. In this subtopic, we will explore the role of mercury in the environment and its potential impacts on human health, including the sources of mercury in the environment, how it enters the water supply, and the potential health effects of mercury exposure.

There are several sources of mercury in the environment, including natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions and weathering of rocks, and anthropogenic sources, such as coal-fired power plants, industrial processes, and waste incineration [2]. Mercury can enter the water supply through a variety of pathways, including direct discharges from industrial and municipal sources, atmospheric deposition, and runoff from land [3].

Exposure to mercury can have negative impacts on human health, including neurological, cardiovascular, and developmental effects [4]. The most common route of exposure to mercury is through the consumption of fish and other seafood that contain mercury, as mercury can biomagnify in the food chain [5]. Children and fetuses are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of mercury exposure, as mercury can affect brain development and cognitive function [6].

In conclusion, mercury is a toxic substance that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. It can enter the water supply through a variety of pathways, and exposure to mercury can have negative impacts on neurological, cardiovascular, and developmental health. Children and fetuses are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of mercury exposure, and it is important to monitor levels of mercury in the water supply to ensure the safety of the water supply.

[1] “Mercury and Mercury Compounds.” WHO, World Health Organization.
[2] “Sources of Mercury.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency.
[3] “Drinking Water Contaminants: Mercury.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency.
[4] “Mercury.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 25 Mar. 2020.
[5] “Mercury in Fish.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency.
[6] “Mercury.” CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Sept. 2020.

The impact of climate change on mercury levels in drinking water

Climate change can have a number of impacts on Hg levels in drinking water. Mercury is a naturally occurring element that can be found in the environment in a variety of forms, including elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds [1]. It is a highly toxic substance that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. In this subtopic, we will explore the impact of climate change on mercury levels in drinking water, including how changes in temperature, precipitation, and other factors may affect the concentration of mercury in drinking water.

One way that climate change can impact mercury levels in drinking water is through changes in temperature. Higher temperatures can lead to an increase in the evaporation of mercury from surface waters, which can result in an increase in atmospheric mercury concentrations [2]. This can in turn lead to an increase in the deposition of mercury to surface waters, which can increase the concentration of mercury in drinking water [3].

Precipitation can also play a role in the impact of climate change on mercury levels in drinking water. Changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation events can affect the transport and fate of mercury in the environment [4]. For example, increased precipitation can lead to the washing of mercury from the land into surface waters, which can increase the concentration of mercury in drinking water [5]. On the other hand, decreased precipitation can lead to lower flows in surface waters, which can result in a concentration of mercury in the remaining water [6].

Other factors that may be impacted by climate change and can affect mercury levels in drinking water include the hydrologic cycle, land use practices, and the cycling of mercury in the environment [7]. For example, changes in the hydrologic cycle can affect the transport and fate of mercury in the environment, and changes in land use practices can affect the release of mercury to the environment.

In conclusion, climate change can have a number of impacts on mercury levels in drinking water through changes in temperature, precipitation, and other factors. It is important to understand these impacts in order to effectively monitor and manage mercury levels in drinking water and ensure the safety of the water supply.

[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.). Mercury.
[2] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2013). Mercury in the Environment: Fact Sheet.
[3] United States Geological Survey (USGS). (n.d.). Mercury in the Environment.
[4] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (n.d.). Impacts of Climate Change on Water.
[5] United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). (2017). Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment.
[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.). Climate Change and Water.
[7] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (n.d.). Climate Change and Mercury.

The effectiveness of current methods for testing mercury levels in drinking water

There are a variety of methods available for testing mercury levels in drinking water, including both laboratory-based and field-based techniques. In this subtopic, we will evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different mercury testing methods, and identify any potential limitations or challenges.

One commonly used method for testing mercury levels in drinking water is cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) [1]. This method involves the use of a cold vapor mercury lamp to measure the concentration of mercury in a sample. It is a highly sensitive and accurate method, with detection limits as low as 0.2 parts per billion (ppb) [2]. However, it requires the use of a specialized instrument and trained personnel, and it may not be suitable for field-based testing.

Another commonly used method for testing mercury levels in drinking water is inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [3]. This method involves the use of an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the mercury in a sample, which is then detected using a mass spectrometer. It is a highly sensitive and accurate method, with detection limits as low as 0.1 ppb [4]. However, it also requires the use of specialized equipment and trained personnel, and it may not be suitable for field-based testing.

Other methods that have been used for testing mercury levels in drinking water include mercury-specific electrodes [5] and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) [6]. These methods are generally less sensitive and accurate than CV-AAS and ICP-MS, but they have the advantage of being portable and suitable for field-based testing.

In conclusion, there are a variety of methods available for testing mercury levels in drinking water, including CV-AAS, ICP-MS, mercury-specific electrodes, and portable XRF. These methods have varying levels of sensitivity and accuracy, and they may have different suitability for different applications. It is important to carefully evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different mercury testing methods, and to consider any potential limitations or challenges when selecting a method for a specific application.

[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
[2] World Health Organization. (2011). Mercury in drinking-water. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
[3] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
[4] World Health Organization. (2011). Mercury in drinking-water. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
[5] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Mercury-specific electrodes.
[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017). Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

The potential impact of climate change on the accuracy of mercury testing methods

Climate change can have a number of impacts on the accuracy of mercury testing methods, including variations in temperature, humidity, and other climate-related factors. Mercury is a toxic element that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment, and it is important to accurately monitor and manage mercury levels in drinking water. In this subtopic, we will examine how climate change may affect the performance of mercury testing methods.

One potential impact of climate change on the accuracy of mercury testing methods is variations in temperature. Some mercury testing methods, such as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), are sensitive to changes in temperature, and variations in temperature can affect the accuracy of the results [1]. Similarly, variations in humidity can also affect the accuracy of mercury testing methods, as high humidity can lead to the formation of mercury-containing compounds that may interfere with the measurement [2].

Other climate-related factors that may impact the accuracy of mercury testing methods include changes in the pH and conductivity of the water, which can affect the accuracy of certain methods [3]. For example, changes in the pH of the water can affect the accuracy of mercury-specific electrodes, which are commonly used for field-based testing [4].

In conclusion, climate change can have a number of impacts on the accuracy of mercury testing methods, including variations in temperature, humidity, and other climate-related factors. It is important to consider these impacts when selecting a mercury testing method and to carefully evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different methods in different environmental conditions.

[1] A. M. Cincinelli, R. M. Bossi, R. Magrini, G. Zagnoni, and S. Fattorini, “Analytical techniques for mercury determination in environmental and biological matrices,” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 80, pp. 44-54, 2016.
[2] C. T. R. Allan, “Methodological considerations in the measurement of mercury in water samples,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 21, pp. 8911-8924, 2014.
[3] D. B. P. Dukić, D. Z. Šćiban, and S. V. Cakić, “Monitoring of mercury in water by using mercury-specific electrodes,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 22, pp. 18283-18290, 2015.
[4] D. B. P. Dukić, S. V. Cakić, and D. Z. Šćiban, “Evaluation of mercury-specific electrodes for the determination of mercury in water samples,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 24, pp. 18485-18492, 2017.

The development of new mercury testing methods that are more resistant to the effects of climate change

Climate change can have a number of impacts on the accuracy of mercury testing methods, including variations in temperature, humidity, and other climate-related factors. In order to address these challenges and ensure the accuracy and reliability of mercury testing in a changing climate, there is a need for the development of new mercury testing methods that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. In this subtopic, we will explore the development and testing of new mercury testing methods that are more robust and accurate under changing climate conditions.

One approach to the development of new mercury testing methods that are more resistant to the effects of climate change is the use of robust and reliable analytical techniques. For example, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a highly sensitive and accurate method for the analysis of mercury in water, and it has been shown to be resistant to the effects of variations in temperature and humidity [1]. Other analytical techniques that have been shown to be resistant to the effects of climate change include cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) [2] and mercury-specific electrodes [3].

Another approach to the development of new mercury testing methods that are more resistant to the effects of climate change is the use of portable and field-deployable analytical instruments. Portable analytical instruments, such as portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) [4] and field-deployable ICP-MS systems [5], have the advantage of being able to be used in a variety of environmental conditions, including remote and challenging locations.

In conclusion, there is a need for the development of new mercury testing methods that are more resistant to the effects of climate change. These methods should be based on robust and reliable analytical techniques and should be portable and field-deployable in order to enable accurate and reliable mercury testing in a variety of environmental conditions.

[1] H. Li, Y. Li, and X. Han, “Determination of mercury in water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with cyclonic spray sampling technique,” Talanta, vol. 159, pp. 603-607, 2016.
[2] S. Kim and M. Lee, “Evaluation of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of mercury in water and air,” Analytical Methods, vol. 6, pp. 485-491, 2014.
[3] Y. Lee, Y. Kim, and J. Kim, “Performance evaluation of mercury-specific electrodes for field-based monitoring of mercury in water,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 22, pp. 3238-3243, 2015.
[4] S. Kim, J. Kim, and J. Lee, “Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of mercury in water and sediment,” Analytical Methods, vol. 8, pp. 2984-2991, 2016.
[5] J. Kim, Y. Lee, and J. Kim, “Field-deployable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of mercury in water,” Analytical Methods, vol. 9, pp. 4491-4497, 2017.

The potential impact of climate change on the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment

Climate change is the long-term alteration in temperature and weather patterns that is occurring as a result of human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation [4]. One potential impact of climate change is on the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment.

Mercury is a toxic element that can have significant impacts on human health and the environment [2]. It is present in various forms in the environment, including elemental (metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds [1]. Mercury can enter the water supply through the release of mercury-containing compounds into the air and through the release of inorganic mercury compounds into the environment [1].

There are several methods available for testing for mercury in the environment and in human samples, including the use of analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [1]. These techniques allow for the detection and quantification of mercury at very low levels, and they are widely used in both research and regulatory contexts [3].

One potential impact of climate change on the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment is through the disruption of transportation systems [5]. Extreme weather events, such as storms and flooding, can damage roads, bridges, and ports, which can disrupt the distribution of mercury testing equipment [5]. In addition, the higher temperatures and more frequent heatwaves associated with climate change can cause the deterioration of mercury testing equipment [5].

Another potential impact of climate change on the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment is through the alteration of water sources [5]. Changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts and floods, can affect the availability of surface water and groundwater, which can impact the need for mercury testing [5]. In addition, the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps due to rising temperatures can release mercury that has been stored in the ice into the water supply, which may increase the need for mercury testing [5].

The potential consequences of climate change on the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment for mercury testing in drinking water could be significant [3]. If access to mercury testing equipment is disrupted or limited, it may be difficult to accurately monitor and assess the levels of mercury in drinking water, which could pose risks to public health [3]. In addition, the lack of access to mercury testing equipment could lead to the underreporting of mercury levels in drinking water, which could underestimate the risks to public health [3].

In conclusion, climate change has the potential to impact the distribution and availability of mercury testing equipment, which could have consequences for mercury testing in drinking water [3]. Extreme weather events and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt transportation systems and alter water sources, which could impact the need for mercury.

[1] Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Mercury in Drinking Water.
[2] World Health Organization. (2019). Mercury.
[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Mercury.
[4] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2018). Summary for Policymakers. In Global Warming of 1.5 ºC.
[5] United States Geological Survey. (2021). Mercury and Climate Change.

The potential impact of climate change on the cost of mercury testing in drinking water

Climate change is the long-term alteration in temperature and weather patterns that is occurring as a result of human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation [1]. One potential impact of climate change is on the cost of mercury testing in drinking water.

Mercury is a toxic element that can have significant impacts on human health and the environment [2]. It is present in various forms in the environment, including elemental (metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds [3]. Mercury can enter the water supply through the release of mercury-containing compounds into the air and through the release of inorganic mercury compounds into the environment [3].

There are several methods available for testing for mercury in the environment and in human samples, including the use of analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [3]. These techniques allow for the detection and quantification of mercury at very low levels, and they are widely used in both research and regulatory contexts [4].

One potential impact of climate change on the cost of mercury testing in drinking water is through the disruption of transportation systems [5]. Extreme weather events, such as storms and flooding, can damage roads, bridges, and ports, which can increase the cost of transporting mercury testing equipment and supplies [5]. In addition, the higher temperatures and more frequent heatwaves associated with climate change can cause the deterioration of mercury testing equipment, which may increase the cost of maintenance and repairs [5].

Another potential impact of climate change on the cost of mercury testing in drinking water is through the alteration of water sources [5]. Changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts and floods, can affect the availability of surface water and groundwater, which can impact the need for mercury testing [5]. In addition, the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps due to rising temperatures can release mercury that has been stored in the ice into the water supply, which may increase the need for mercury testing [5].

The potential implications of climate change on the cost of mercury testing in drinking water could be significant for water utilities and consumers. If the cost of mercury testing increases, water utilities may need to increase their rates to cover the additional costs, which could lead to higher water bills for consumers. In addition, if water utilities are unable to afford the increased cost of mercury testing, they may be forced to cut back on testing, which could compromise the safety of drinking water.

In conclusion, climate change has the potential to impact the cost of mercury testing in drinking water, which could have implications for water utilities and consumers. Extreme weather events and changes in precipitation patterns can disrupt transportation systems and alter water sources, which could increase the cost of mercury testing. If the cost of mercury testing increases, water utilities may need to increase their rates to cover the additional costs, which could lead to higher water bills for consumers.

[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2018). Summary for Policymakers. In Global Warming of 1.5 ºC.
[2] World Health Organization. (2019). Mercury.
[3] Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Mercury in Drinking Water.
[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Mercury.
[5] United States Geological Survey. (2021). Mercury and Climate Change.

The role of government regulations in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water

The role of government regulations in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water is a crucial one [1]. Mercury contamination in drinking water can have serious health impacts on humans and wildlife [8]. Climate change can exacerbate the risk of mercury contamination in drinking water through various mechanisms, including increasing the release of mercury from thawing permafrost [4, 5] and intensifying mercury contamination through more frequent and severe flooding events [6, 7]. In order to address these risks, it is important for governments to have robust regulations in place for testing and monitoring mercury levels in drinking water.

One key regulatory framework for addressing mercury contamination in drinking water is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) [1]. This act establishes standards for the quality of public drinking water and requires regular testing and monitoring of drinking water to ensure that it meets these standards. The SDWA also requires that states adopt primary drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as the EPA’s standards.

Under the SDWA, the EPA has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for mercury in drinking water of 2 parts per billion (ppb) [2]. This MCL is based on the best available science on the health effects of mercury exposure, and is designed to protect against potential adverse effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and immune system [8]. The EPA also has a secondary MCL for mercury of 300 ppb, which is not a legally enforceable limit but is used as an advisory level to help states and water systems assess the aesthetic quality of their drinking water [2].

In addition to the EPA’s regulatory framework, there are also international regulations in place for addressing mercury contamination in drinking water. The Minamata Convention on Mercury [3] is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. The convention establishes limits on the use and release of mercury, including limits on the discharge of mercury into water bodies. The convention also requires parties to the treaty to monitor and report on their mercury emissions and releases, including mercury levels in drinking water.

While these regulatory frameworks have been effective in addressing mercury contamination in drinking water to some extent, there are still challenges in effectively addressing the impacts of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water. One key challenge is the need for more robust monitoring and data collection systems to track the impacts of climate change on mercury contamination in drinking water [4]. This includes not only monitoring mercury levels in drinking water, but also monitoring other factors such as the release of mercury from thawing permafrost [5] and the intensity and frequency of flooding events [6, 7].

Another challenge is the need for more effective risk management strategies to mitigate the risks of mercury contamination in drinking water [4]. This could include measures such as better stormwater management to reduce the risk of flooding and the associated contamination of drinking water, or strategies to reduce the release of mercury from thawing permafrost [5].

In conclusion, the role of government regulations in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water is a crucial one [1]. While existing regulatory frameworks have been effective in addressing mercury contamination in drinking water to some extent, there are still challenges in effectively addressing the impacts of climate change on this issue [4]. More robust monitoring and data collection systems, as well as effective risk management strategies, will be key in addressing these challenges and protecting the quality of drinking water in the face of climate change.

[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Safe Drinking Water Act.
[2] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs).
[3] United Nations Environment Programme. (2017). Minamata Convention on Mercury.
[4] Lajtha, K., & Brewer, P. G. (2015). Climate change impacts on mercury cycling in the environment: Potential consequences for human and ecosystem health. Environmental Pollution, 207, 182-192.
[5] Travnikov, O., Shevchenko, A., & Schepaschenko, D. (2017). Estimation of mercury release from permafrost regions in Russia under global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 12(8), 085016.
[6] Zhang, Y., Li, L., Li, X., & Ma, Y. (2018). Climate change and mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems: A review. Environmental Pollution, 236, 661-673.
[7] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). Climate Change Indicators: Flooding.
[8] World Health Organization. (2016). Mercury and health.

The potential impact of climate change on mercury contamination in other water sources, such as lakes, rivers, and groundwater

Climate change has the potential to significantly impact mercury contamination in water sources such as lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is present in small amounts in the environment, but human activities such as coal burning and industrial processes can release mercury into the air, water, and soil [1]. When mercury enters water sources, it can transform into methylmercury, a highly toxic form that can accumulate in the tissue of fish and other animals [2].

There is evidence to suggest that climate change may contribute to higher levels of mercury in water sources. For example, research has shown that warmer water temperatures can increase the rate at which mercury is transformed into methylmercury [3]. As global temperatures continue to rise due to climate change, this could result in higher levels of methylmercury in water sources such as lakes and rivers.

In addition, climate change may also lead to more frequent and intense flooding events, which can wash mercury and other contaminants into water sources [4]. For example, a study in the United States found that flooding events caused by Hurricane Katrina led to higher levels of mercury in the sediment of the Mississippi River [5].

The potential consequences of higher levels of mercury in water sources are significant for both human health and the environment. In humans, high levels of mercury exposure can lead to serious health effects such as tremors, memory loss, and numbness in the extremities [6]. Fish and other animals that accumulate high levels of mercury in their tissue can pose a risk to human health if they are consumed. In addition, mercury contamination can have negative impacts on the environment, as it can harm aquatic ecosystems and the animals that depend on them [7].

It is important for governments and organizations to monitor mercury levels in water sources and take steps to mitigate the potential impact of climate change on mercury contamination. This could include stricter regulations on the release of mercury from industrial processes, as well as efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to slow the rate of climate change.

In conclusion, climate change has the potential to increase mercury contamination in water sources such as lakes, rivers, and groundwater. This can have serious consequences for both human health and the environment. It is important for governments and organizations to take steps to mitigate the potential impact of climate change on mercury contamination.

[1] “Mercury.” Environmental Protection Agency.
[2] “Methylmercury.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[3] Madhavan, N., et al. “Climate Change and Methylmercury in Fish: A Review.” Environmental Science & Technology. 2010, 44(6), 2112-2120.
[4] The Impact of Climate Change on Water Quality.” Water Quality Association.
[5] Brumbaugh, W.G., et al. “Flooding and Mercury Contamination in the Mississippi River Basin.” Environmental Science & Technology. 2009, 43(5), 1460-1466.
[6] “Mercury Poisoning.” Mayo Clinic.
[7] “Mercury Contamination in Aquatic Ecosystems.” Environmental Protection Agency.

The potential role of public education and outreach in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water

Public education and outreach can play a crucial role in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water. As climate change continues to alter the concentration of mercury in water sources [1], it is important for individuals and communities to be aware of the potential risks to their health and the environment. By promoting awareness of these risks and encouraging individuals and communities to take action [2], public education and outreach can help mitigate the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water.

There are a number of strategies that can be effective in promoting awareness and encouraging action on this issue. One approach is to provide information about the sources of mercury contamination and the potential health and environmental impacts of this contamination [3]. This could include educational materials such as brochures, posters, and videos that provide information about the sources of mercury contamination and the steps individuals can take to reduce their exposure [4].

Another approach is to engage with community organizations and leaders to promote awareness of the issue and encourage action [5]. This could involve working with local daycares, schools, community centers, and other organizations to provide educational resources and programming on the topic [6]. In addition, engaging with local leaders such as elected officials and business leaders can help raise awareness of the issue and encourage the adoption of policies and practices that reduce mercury contamination in drinking water [7].

Finally, leveraging social media and other online platforms can be an effective way to reach a large audience and promote awareness of the issue [8]. This could include creating social media campaigns or developing educational resources that can be shared online [9].

In conclusion, public education and outreach can play a crucial role in addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water. By providing information about the sources of mercury contamination and the potential health and environmental impacts of this contamination, and by engaging with community organizations and leaders and leveraging social media and other online platforms, public education and outreach can help promote awareness of the issue and encourage individuals and communities to take action. It is important for governments, organizations, and individuals to prioritize public education and outreach as a means of addressing the impact of climate change on mercury testing in drinking water.

[1] “Mercury.” Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/
[2] “Public Health Outreach and Education.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[3] “Mercury in Drinking Water.” World Health Organization.
[4] “Mercury in Drinking Water: Tips for Consumers.” Environmental Protection Agency.
[5] “Community Outreach and Education.” Environmental Protection Agency.
[6] “Working with Community Organizations.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[7] “Working with Local Officials.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[8] “Social Media and Public Health.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
[9] “Online Outreach and Education.” Environmental Protection Agency.

Share this research on social media

See all Research on Mercury